The project "Strategic study on the Scale and Structure of Urban Development in China" is a key project of the Faculty of Engineering Management of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2021.  This project focuses on the increasingly prominent problems arising in the urban development in China, such as disorderly urban sprawl, overcrowding in central urban areas, insufficient resource and environmental carrying capacity, and lagging effective urban governance. Focusing on the reasonable scale and structure of large cities， the project conducts research from different perspectives to propose guidance for solving urban problems, optimizing urban scale and structure, and promoting high-quality urban development. By coordinating the needs of the economy, life, ecology, and security in this study, the project targets to promote the people-centred New Urbanization and improve people's sense of well-being. The research team is composed of a comprehensive group and five special topic groups, namely: "Strategic Study on the Scale and Structure of China's Urban Development",  "Analytical Framework and Empirical Research on the Reasonable Scale and Structure of China's Cities", "Research on the Urban Scale and Structure Optimization of Metropolitan Areas Based on the Perspective of Transportation ", "Research on the Optimization of Urban Scale and Structure Based on the Perspective of Resources and Environment", and "Research on the Optimization of Urban Scale Structure Based on the Perspective of Urban Governance". Through five thematic studies, this study will summarize and analyze domestic practical experiences and the development dynamics of megacities around the world, as well as answer key questions on urban transportation, resources and environment, and urban governance to provide feasible suggestions for improving China's urban development strategies in the next stage.