Medical and food dual-purpose items are an important part of China’s traditional medical culture, and an important material basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases as well as health management in the earlier stages. In light of the 14th Five-Year Plan and China’s medium and long-term development objectives, the country’s existing medical and food dual-purpose item list, regulations and policies have difficulty meeting the needs of the new economic development pattern of "dual circulation". Therefore, while proposing a new list of medical and food dual-purpose items, this project focuses on studying and evaluating the various difficulties faced in the development of such items during the process of globalization, and puts forward policy measures in order to strengthen scientific prowess so China can improve exchanges with various countries and promote dual-purpose items to play a more important role in protecting people’s health.